Saturday 13 October 2012

 Free Typing Softwares

Who might not want to have speedy typing in typical QWERTY keyboard? You might search for good typing tutor software in internet. The consequence is you end up with purchasing some typing software which is not worth a buck; because there are large list of free typing software available to help you increase your typing speed. But sometimes you may also get confused which software will give better learning skills to you.

There are large list of web software and Operating system’s software available to gain your typing speed. In this article, I would like to list you those 10 best and popular typing tutor software which are actually for free.


1. GileTech Typing Tutor


Test your typing speed with this free typing test software. – How fast can you type ? – How many words per minute ( wpm ) can you make ? – Is your typing accuracy good enough ? – Improve your typing skills with this free typing tutor.


2. Stamina


Amusing, yet multi-functional touch-typing tutor with support for several layouts, like QWERTY or Dvorak. After having gone through the fire, water and the course, you will be able to swiftly type away long e-mails (spam), efficiently misbehave in chat rooms, ICQ, and so on without ever looking at the keyboard.
Only in Stamina Typing Tutor besides the traditional finger positioning on the keyboard are you offered an alternative method (to reduce hand stress)!


3. Key Blaze Typing Tutor


The software allows you to start with basic lessons such as Home Keys for index, middle and pinky fingers and practice lessons including poetry, prose and drills. KeyBlaze also features a typing test where the duration can be set to 1, 2, 5 or 10 minutes


4. 10 Finger Breakout


10 Finger BreakOut is a REAL arcade game, in which you are escaping from invaders, shooting and trying to hit balls. This is no fake – you are playing BreakOut ! (You are not just typing characters). With this free typing game you WILL have fun, but don’t worry, by playing 10 Finger BreakOut you sure will be learning to type. Improve your typing skills with this free typing tutor – typing game!



5. Klavaro Touch Typing Tutor


Klavaro Touch Typing Tutor is an excellent free application to learn touch typing, no matter the language you speak or the keyboard you use.
When you first run Klavaro Touch Typing Tutor you have to select the keyboard you are using and the language you’ll use, in the case of English, choose Qwerty_en.


6. TypeFaster Typing Tutor


A typing tutor that teaches you to touch type. It supports French, German, Portuguese, US-Dvorak, US-English, Hebrew, Numeric-keypad and more. Typefaster accessible is for blind users. Full Spanish version also. Includes a 3d game. Teacher class support.



7. Rapid Typing


Learn how to use your keyboard in a fun and entertaining way for absolutely free. RapidTyping Typing Tutor is designed to teach adults and kids to use their computer keyboard more efficiently than ever. Learning to type is fun with the typing game included with RapidTyping, while its extensive training statistics and customized lessons are rarely seen in the much more expensive products.



8. Kiran’s Typing Tutor


Kirans Typing Tutor is packaged and will help you learn Touch Typing and improve typing skills and speed in a very easy way with in the shortest possible time. Basic typing lessons enable beginners to understand Touch typing, Kids Typing module includes five different types of lessons designed for age groups from 4 to 8 years, Numeric Typing module designed to teach numeric key pad.



9. Bruce Unusual Typing Wizard


Bruces Unusual Typing Wizard is well constructed typing tutor to learn and practice typing. It is designed to accommodate both beginners and experienced typists who are looking to gain speed or accuracy. This software also has a unique algorithm, which is able to detect if a user is typing slightly off and adjust the typing position. This eliminates frustration of typing many mistakes when a letter is omitted or added.


10. Analytical Eye Typing


Analytical Eye Typing Tutor is Analytical Eye Technologies first product. It was originally written for use only at Great Sankey High School to replace an old program which was unable to run under Windows 95. Version 1.01 was the first really version, and this was never made public. It was later in versions 1.5 that the product had it’s first public showing. Since then there has been one major update to Typing Tutor, version 1.6.3 is the current version. Since it first release Typing Tutor has amazed me. The program has had close to 100,000 downloads in just over 1 year, and this rate of take up does not seem to be slowing.

Tuesday 9 October 2012

C Program Without a Main Function

 

How to write a C program without a main function?. Is it possible to do that. Yes there can be a C program without a main function. Here’s the code of the program without a main function…
 
#include<stdio.h>
#define decode(s,t,u,m,p,e,d) m##s##u##t
#define begin decode(a,n,i,m,a,t,e)int begin()
{
printf(” hello “);
}
Does the above program run without the main function? Yes, the above program runs perfectly fine even without a main function. But how, whats the logic behind it? How can we have a C program working without main?
Here we are using preprocessor directive #define with arguments to give an impression that the program runs without main. But in reality it runs with a hidden main function.
The ‘##‘ operator is called the token pasting or token merging operator. That is we can merge two or more characters with it.

NOTE: A Preprocessor is program which processess the source code before compilation.
Look at the 2nd line of program -

#define decode(s,t,u,m,p,e,d) m##s##u##t
What is the preprocessor doing here. The macro decode(s,t,u,m,p,e,d) is being expanded as “msut” (The ## operator merges m,s,u & t into msut). The logic is when you pass (s,t,u,m,p,e,d) as argument it merges the 4th,1st,3rd & the 2nd characters(tokens).
Now look at the third line of the program -

#define begin decode(a,n,i,m,a,t,e)
Here the preprocessor replaces the macro “begin” with the expansion decode(a,n,i,m,a,t,e). According to the macro definition in the previous line the argument must be expanded so that the 4th,1st,3rd & the 2nd characters must be merged. In the argument (a,n,i,m,a,t,e) 4th,1st,3rd & the 2nd characters are ‘m’,'a’,'i’ & ‘n’.
So the third line “int begin” is replaced by “int main” by the preprocessor before the program is passed on for the compiler. That’s it…
The bottom line is there can never exist a C program without a main function. Here we are just playing a gimmick that makes us beleive the program runs without main function, but actually there exists a hidden main function in the program. Here we are using the proprocessor directive to intelligently replace the word begin” by “main”. In simple words int begin=int main.

 

Create a New Partition on a Windows 7 Hard Disk
The Windows 7 Disk Management tool provides a simple interface for managing partitions and volumes.

Here’s an easy way to create a new partition on your disk.
  1. Open the Disk Management console by typing diskmgmt.msc at an elevated command prompt.

    partition1.jpg
  2. In Disk Management’s Graphical view, right-click an unallocated or free area, and then click New Simple Volume. This starts the New Simple Volume Wizard.

    partition2.jpg
  3. Read the Welcome page and then click Next.
  4. The Specify Volume Size page specifies the minimum and maximum size for the volume in megabytes and lets you size the volume within these limits. Size the partition in megabytes using the Simple Volume Size field and then click Next.

    partition4.jpg
  5. On the Assign Drive Letter Or Path page, specify whether you want to assign a drive letter or path and then click Next. The available options are as follows:

    partition5.jpg

    Assign The Following Drive Letter Select an available drive letter in the selection list provided. By default, Windows 7 selects the lowest available drive letter and excludes reserved drive letters as well as those assigned to local disks or network drives.
    Mount In The Following Empty NTFS Folder Choose this option to mount the partition in an empty NTFS folder. You must then type the path to an existing folder or click Browse to search for or create a folder to use.
    Do Not Assign A Drive Letter Or Drive Path Choose this option if you want to create the partition without assigning a drive letter or path. Later, if you want the partition to be available for storage, you can assign a drive letter or path at that time.
  6. Use the Format Partition page to determine whether and how the volume should be formatted. If you want to format the volume, choose Format This Volume With The Following Settings, and then configure the following options:

    partition6.jpg

    File System Sets the file system type as FAT, FAT32, or NTFS. NTFS is selected by default in most cases. If you create a file system as FAT or FAT32, you can later convert it to NTFS by using the Convert utility. You can’t, however, convert NTFS partitions to FAT or FAT32.
    Allocation Unit Size Sets the cluster size for the file system. This is the basic unit in which disk space is allocated. The default allocation unit size is based on the size of the volume and, by default, is set dynamically prior to formatting. To override this feature, you can set the allocation unit size to a specific value. If you use many small files, you might want to use a smaller cluster size, such as 512 or 1,024 bytes. With these settings, small files use less disk space.
    Volume Label Sets a text label for the partition. This label is the partition’s volume name and by default is set to New Volume. You can change the volume label at any time by right-clicking the volume in Windows Explorer, choosing Properties, and typing a new value in the Label field provided on the General tab.
    Perform A Quick Format Tells Windows 7 to format without checking the partition for errors. With large partitions, this option can save you a few minutes. However, it’s usually better to check for errors, which enables Disk Management to mark bad sectors on the disk and lock them out.
    Enable File And Folder Compression Turns on compression for the disk. Built-in compression is available only for NTFS. Under NTFS, compression is transparent to users and compressed files can be accessed just like regular files. If you select this option, files and directories on this drive are compressed automatically.
  7. Click Next, confirm your options, and then click Finish.

    partition7.jpg
The Windows 7 Disk Management tool will now show the space configured as a new partition.

partition8.jpg

Sunday 7 October 2012

The biggest Facebook phishing attack in France:

Recently it has been discovered that a Facebook Phishing site hit the French Facebook users and it is reported that more then 5000 accounts were hacked using it. So decided to take a look at it. and following is a screenshot of it:

And this is the screen shot of the hacked users:
 
 

It appears that the phishing site was certainly the one in most use. Now the news has reached far and wide so all the users who might have opened it should change their password, especailly ones from France.


Update: The as per 2-12-11 the account of the phishing site was suspended! So no worries!

Saturday 6 October 2012

Top 10 Most Famous Hackers of All Time

portrayal of hackers in the media has ranged from the high-tech super-spy, as in Mission Impossible where Ethan Hunt repels from the ceiling to hack the CIA computer system and steal the “NOC list,” to the lonely anti-social teen who is simply looking for entertainment. The reality, however, is that hackers are a very diverse bunch, a group simultaneously blamed with causing billions of dollars in damages as well as credited with the development of the World Wide Web and the founding of major tech companies. In this article, we test the theory that truth is better than fiction by introducing you to ten of the most famous hackers, both nefarious and heroic, to let you decide for yourself.
Black Hat Crackers
The Internet abounds with hackers, known as crackers or “black hats,” who work to exploit computer systems. They are the ones you’ve seen on the news being hauled away for cybercrimes. Some of them do it for fun and curiosity, while others are looking for personal gain. In this section we profile five of the most famous and interesting “black hat” hackers.
  1. Jonathan James: James gained notoriety when he became the first juvenile to be sent to prison for hacking. He was sentenced at 16 years old. In an anonymous PBS interview, he professes, “I was just looking around, playing around. What was fun for me was a challenge to see what I could pull off.”James’s major intrusions targeted high-profile organizations. He installed a backdoor into a Defense Threat Reduction Agency server. The DTRA is an agency of the Department of Defense charged with reducing the threat to the U.S. and its allies from nuclear, biological, chemical, conventional and special weapons. The backdoor he created enabled him to view sensitive emails and capture employee usernames and passwords. James also cracked into NASA computers, stealing software worth approximately $1.7 million. According to the Department of Justice, “The software supported the International Space Station’s physical environment, including control of the temperature and humidity within the living space.” NASA was forced to shut down its computer systems, ultimately racking up a $41,000 cost. James explained that he downloaded the code to supplement his studies on C programming, but contended, “The code itself was crappy . . . certainly not worth $1.7 million like they claimed.”
    Given the extent of his intrusions, if James, also known as “c0mrade,” had been an adult he likely would have served at least 10 years. Instead, he was banned from recreational computer use and was slated to serve a six-month sentence under house arrest with probation. However, he served six months in prison for violation of parole. Today, James asserts that he’s learned his lesson and might start a computer security company.
  2. Adrian Lamo: Lamo’s claim to fame is his break-ins at major organizations like The New York Times and Microsoft. Dubbed the “homeless hacker,” he used Internet connections at Kinko’s, coffee shops and libraries to do his intrusions. In a profile article, “He Hacks by Day, Squats by Night,” Lamo reflects, “I have a laptop in Pittsburgh, a change of clothes in D.C. It kind of redefines the term multi-jurisdictional.”Lamo’s intrusions consisted mainly of penetration testing, in which he found flaws in security, exploited them and then informed companies of their shortcomings. His hits include Yahoo!, Bank of America, Citigroup and Cingular. When white hat hackers are hired by companies to do penetration testing, it’s legal. What Lamo did is not. When he broke into The New York Times’ intranet, things got serious. He added himself to a list of experts and viewed personal information on contributors, including Social Security numbers. Lamo also hacked into The Times’ LexisNexis account to research high-profile subject matter.
    For his intrusion at The New York Times, Lamo was ordered to pay approximately $65,000 in restitution. He was also sentenced to six months of home confinement and two years of probation, which expired January 16, 2007. Lamo is currently working as an award-winning journalist and public speaker.
  3. Kevin Mitnick: A self-proclaimed “hacker poster boy,” Mitnick went through a highly publicized pursuit by authorities. His mischief was hyped by the media but his actual offenses may be less notable than his notoriety suggests. The Department of Justice describes him as “the most wanted computer criminal in United States history.” His exploits were detailed in two movies: Freedom Downtime and Takedown.Mitnick had a bit of hacking experience before committing the offenses that made him famous. He started out exploiting the Los Angeles bus punch card system to get free rides. Then, like Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak, dabbled in phone phreaking. Although there were numerous offenses, Mitnick was ultimately convicted for breaking into the Digital Equipment Corporation’s computer network and stealing software. Mitnick’s mischief got serious when he went on a two and a half year “coast-to-coast hacking spree.” The CNN article, “Legendary computer hacker released from prison,” explains that “he hacked into computers, stole corporate secrets, scrambled phone networks and broke into the national defense warning system.” He then hacked into computer expert and fellow hacker Tsutomu Shimomura’s home computer, which led to his undoing.
    Today, Mitnick has been able to move past his role as a black hat hacker and become a productive member of society. He served five years, about 8 months of it in solitary confinement, and is now a computer security consultant, author and speaker.
  4. Kevin Poulsen: Also known as Dark Dante, Poulsen gained recognition for his hack of LA radio’s KIIS-FM phone lines, which earned him a brand new Porsche, among other items. Law enforcement dubbed him “the Hannibal Lecter of computer crime.”Authorities began to pursue Poulsen after he hacked into a federal investigation database. During this pursuit, he further drew the ire of the FBI by hacking into federal computers for wiretap information. His hacking specialty, however, revolved around telephones. Poulsen’s most famous hack, KIIS-FM, was accomplished by taking over all of the station’s phone lines. In a related feat, Poulsen also “reactivated old Yellow Page escort telephone numbers for an acquaintance who then ran a virtual escort agency.” Later, when his photo came up on the show Unsolved Mysteries, 1-800 phone lines for the program crashed. Ultimately, Poulsen was captured in a supermarket and served a sentence of five years.
    Since serving time, Poulsen has worked as a journalist. He is now a senior editor for Wired News. His most prominent article details his work on identifying 744 sex offenders with MySpace profiles.
  5. Robert Tappan Morris: Morris, son of former National Security Agency scientist Robert Morris, is known as the creator of the Morris Worm, the first computer worm to be unleashed on the Internet. As a result of this crime, he was the first person prosecuted under the 1986 Computer Fraud and Abuse Act.Morris wrote the code for the worm while he was a student at Cornell. He asserts that he intended to use it to see how large the Internet was. The worm, however, replicated itself excessively, slowing computers down so that they were no longer usable. It is not possible to know exactly how many computers were affected, but experts estimate an impact of 6,000 machines. He was sentenced to three years’ probation, 400 hours of community service and a fined $10,500. Morris is currently working as a tenured professor at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. He principally researches computer network architectures including distributed hash tables such as Chord and wireless mesh networks such as Roofnet.
White Hat Hackers
Hackers that use their skills for good are classified as “white hat.” These white hats often work as certified “Ethical Hackers,” hired by companies to test the integrity of their systems. Others, operate without company permission by bending but not breaking laws and in the process have created some really cool stuff. In this section we profile five white hat hackers and the technologies they have developed.
  1. Stephen Wozniak: “Woz” is famous for being the “other Steve” of Apple. Wozniak, along with current Apple CEO Steve Jobs, co-founded Apple Computer. He has been awarded with the National Medal of Technology as well as honorary doctorates from Kettering University and Nova Southeastern University. Additionally, Woz was inducted into the National Inventors Hall of Fame in September 2000.Woz got his start in hacking making blue boxes, devices that bypass telephone-switching mechanisms to make free long-distance calls. After reading an article about phone phreaking in Esquire, Wozniak called up his buddy Jobs. The pair did research on frequencies, then built and sold blue boxes to their classmates in college. Wozniak even used a blue box to call the Pope while pretending to be Henry Kissinger. Wozniak dropped out of college and came up with the computer that eventually made him famous. Jobs had the bright idea to sell the computer as a fully assembled PC board. The Steves sold Wozniak’s cherished scientific calculator and Jobs’ VW van for capital and got to work assembling prototypes in Jobs’ garage. Wozniak designed the hardware and most of the software. In the Letters section of Woz.org, he recalls doing “what Ed Roberts and Bill Gates and Paul Allen did and tons more, with no help.” Wozniak and Jobs sold the first 100 of the Apple I to a local dealer for $666.66 each.
    Woz no longer works full time for Apple, focusing primarily on philanthropy instead. Most notable is his function as fairy godfather to the Los Gatos, Calif. School District. “Wozniak ‘adopted’ the Los Gatos School District, providing students and teachers with hands-on teaching and donations of state-of-the-art technology equipment.”
  2. Tim Berners-Lee: Berners-Lee is famed as the inventor of the World Wide Web, the system that we use to access sites, documents and files on the Internet. He has received numerous recognitions, most notably the Millennium Technology Prize.While a student at Oxford University, Berners-Lee was caught hacking access with a friend and subsequently banned from University computers. w3.org reports, “Whilst [at Oxford], he built his first computer with a soldering iron, TTL gates, an M6800 processor and an old television.” Technological innovation seems to have run in his genes, as Berners-Lee’s parents were mathematicians who worked on the Manchester Mark1, one of the earliest electronic computers. While working with CERN, a European nuclear research organization, Berners-Lee created a hypertext prototype system that helped researchers share and update information easily. He later realized that hypertext could be joined with the Internet. Berners-Lee recounts how he put them together: “I just had to take the hypertext idea and connect it to the TCP and DNS ideas and – ta-da! – the World Wide Web.”
    Since his creation of the World Wide Web, Berners-Lee founded the World Wide Web Consortium at MIT. The W3C describes itself as “an international consortium where Member organizations, a full-time staff and the public work together to develop Web standards.” Berners-Lee’s World Wide Web idea, as well as standards from the W3C, is distributed freely with no patent or royalties due.
  3. Linus Torvalds: Torvalds fathered Linux, the very popular Unix-based operating system. He calls himself “an engineer,” and has said that his aspirations are simple, “I just want to have fun making the best damn operating system I can.”Torvalds got his start in computers with a Commodore VIC-20, an 8-bit home computer. He then moved on to a Sinclair QL. Wikipedia reports that he modified the Sinclair “extensively, especially its operating system.” Specifically, Torvalds hacks included “an assembler and a text editor…as well as a few games.” Torvalds created the Linux kernel in 1991, using the Minix operating system as inspiration. He started with a task switcher in Intel 80386 assembly and a terminal driver. After that, he put out a call for others to contribute code, which they did. Currently, only about 2 percent of the current Linux kernel is written by Torvalds himself. The success of this public invitation to contribute code for Linux is touted as one of the most prominent examples of free/open source software.
    Currently, Torvalds serves as the Linux ringleader, coordinating the code that volunteer programmers contribute to the kernel. He has had an asteroid named after him and received honorary doctorates from Stockholm University and University of Helsinki. He was also featured in Time Magazine’s “60 Years of Heroes.”
  4. Richard Stallman: Stallman’s fame derives from the GNU Project, which he founded to develop a free operating system. For this, he’s known as the father of free software. His “Serious Bio” asserts, “Non-free software keeps users divided and helpless, forbidden to share it and unable to change it. A free operating system is essential for people to be able to use computers in freedom.”Stallman, who prefers to be called rms, got his start hacking at MIT. He worked as a “staff hacker” on the Emacs project and others. He was a critic of restricted computer access in the lab. When a password system was installed, Stallman broke it down, resetting passwords to null strings, then sent users messages informing them of the removal of the password system. Stallman’s crusade for free software started with a printer. At the MIT lab, he and other hackers were allowed to modify code on printers so that they sent convenient alert messages. However, a new printer came along – one that they were not allowed to modify. It was located away from the lab and the absence of the alerts presented an inconvenience. It was at this point that he was “convinced…of the ethical need to require free software.”
    With this inspiration, he began work on GNU. Stallman wrote an essay, “The GNU Project,” in which he recalls choosing to work on an operating system because it’s a foundation, “the crucial software to use a computer.” At this time, the GNU/Linux version of the operating system uses the Linux kernel started by Torvalds. GNU is distributed under “copyleft,” a method that employs copyright law to allow users to use, modify, copy and distribute the software.
    Stallman’s life continues to revolve around the promotion of free software. He works against movements like Digital Rights Management (or as he prefers, Digital Restrictions Management) through organizations like Free Software Foundation and League for Programming Freedom. He has received extensive recognition for his work, including awards, fellowships and four honorary doctorates.
  5. Tsutomu Shimomura: Shimomura reached fame in an unfortunate manner: he was hacked by Kevin Mitnick. Following this personal attack, he made it his cause to help the FBI capture him.Shimomura’s work to catch Mitnick is commendable, but he is not without his own dark side. Author Bruce Sterling recalls: “He pulls out this AT&T cellphone, pulls it out of the shrinkwrap, finger-hacks it, and starts monitoring phone calls going up and down Capitol Hill while an FBI agent is standing at his shoulder, listening to him.” Shimomura out-hacked Mitnick to bring him down. Shortly after finding out about the intrusion, he rallied a team and got to work finding Mitnick. Using Mitnick’s cell phone, they tracked him near Raleigh-Durham International Airport. The article, “SDSC Computer Experts Help FBI Capture Computer Terrorist” recounts how Shimomura pinpointed Mitnick’s location. Armed with a technician from the phone company, Shimomura “used a cellular frequency direction-finding antenna hooked up to a laptop to narrow the search to an apartment complex.” Mitnick was arrested shortly thereafter. Following the pursuit, Shimomura wrote a book about the incident with journalist John Markoff, which was later turned into a movie.

Recover Ur Lost Password Of Memory Card 

 

Sometimes it happens that you forgot the password to memory cards anf these memory card contains very important Data.
Then it is possible that remove ur memory card password.
It is possible only if you have a Nokia S60 phone (eg 6600, 6610, N70, N73, E63, E71, N95)
The thing you have to do is download and install “Fileexplorer” software.
After installation, follow these steps:
  1. Open FExplorer and access to the C: drive.
  2. There you will find a file named “mmcstore”
  3. Rename the file: “mmcstore.txt”
  4. The file is now open Notepad
  5. U get the password written on a Notepad file
Note 1:
I think that very few S60 phones the microSD slot. So you can get an MMC adapter (costs around Rs.50). microSD card fits your phone and insert the MMC.
Note 2:
If you want to reformat the card (without the use of the data), then just a card reader and microSD format.

How to know web server is Windows or Linux based

Well This is something you won’t find on any other website.

Its very easy to take on a system if you know the operating system of the server.
Well this is something learn’t from practical experience.
Just follow the given steps:-
1) Goto the link below and find the Ip Address of the website you want to gather information about. You may do this by writing its name in the Get IP box
http://www.selfseo.com/find_ip_address_of_a_website.php

(This step was optional just to tell you that it can be done this way also):-P

2)Goto run->type CMD

IN CMD type
ping Target _Website_Name . For Eg- ping google.com

or
ping target_website/computer_ip_address . For Eg:- 59.172.45.1

Now you will see several ping requests comingWe Are interested in seeing the TTL time which you can see at the end of each request in ping.
NOTE:-
1) If TTL <64 then the server is Linux based
2) If TTL>64 but <128 then the server is Windows bsaed
3) TTL>128 Mac and others.
From the above screenshot, it is clear that the servers of google are linux based.

Note:- In some Cases you may not get ping replies ( Eg. you try it on your friend’s PC ). Now This can have two reasons, The server is down ie.. The machine is not connected to internet. Else the most common reason, The Firewall is protecting that PC and is not allowing your request to access that system.
Same thing may happen in case of some websites as well, Reason is same.


Caution:- If you are trying this on your friends machine then do not enter the local IP address like 192.168.1.1
Ask him to goto http://whatismyip.com and check the IP address from there.NOTE:- Don’t try it with your own IP address as the results may be inaccurate on your own machine.